Basic chemistry

 ALKALI METAL  Alkali Metal are   lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr) 1.Physical state of alkali metal  One electron in outermost shell & General formula ns¹.   Francium is radioactive element.  All are silvery white.  Light soft, malleable and ductile metals with metallic lustre.   Alkali metals are paramagnetic, diamagnetic and colourless in form of ions. 2.Atomic size of alkali metal  Biggest in their respective period (except noble gas element)  Size increases from Li to Fr due to addition of an extra shell.  Li < Na < K < Rb < Cs < Fr 3. Softness of alkali metal  Alkali metals are soft because of-  (i) Large atomic size  (ii) BCC crystal structure (HCP in Li)  (iii) Loose packing (68% packing efficiency)  (iv) Weak metallic bond  Cs is the softest metal in s-block 4. Melting point and boiling point of alkali metal  Weak interatomic bonds are due to their large atomic radii and presence of only one valence elect

IUPAC NOMENCLATURE part 1 IUPAC NOMENCLATURE  part 2 IUPAC NOMENCLATURE   IUPAC NOMENCLATURE OF ALICYCLIC COMPOUNDS : ( 1 ) The names of alicylic compounds are obtained by adding the prefix "cyclo". (2) The numbering of the carbon atoms in the ring is done in such a way that the substituent which comes first in the alphabetical order is given the lowest possible number provided it does not violate the lowest set of locants rule.  Example : (3)When the ring contains more or equal number of carbon atoms than the alkyl group attached to it, then it is named as a derivative of cycloalkane and the alkyl group is treated as substituent. Example : (4)The alkane chain contains greater number of carbon atoms than present in the ring, the compound is considered as the derivative of alkane and the ring is designated as substituent.  Example : (5)If ring has unsaturation and side chain is saturated then ring is selected as parent chain.  If side chain has unsaturation and ring is saturat