Basic chemistry

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HOW TO SOLVE  NUMERICAL PROBLEMS IN CHEMISTRY OR PHYSICS   In this post we will see how to solve numericals problems in chemistry or physics? This video will explain you in detail that how to solve numericals problems in chemistry or physics. This video will teach you about how to solve numericals problems in chemistry  This video also teaches you about how to solve numericals problems in physics  How to solve numericals problems? Step 1 : Learn the formula. Step 2 : Learn the concept of formula. For example  this formula is of 11th std of chemistry  PV=nRT  In this formula Learn about that in this formula  What is P? What is V? What is n? What is R?  What is T  Here  P is the pressure  V is the volume  n is the number of mole  R is the gas constant  T is the temperature  Step 3: Do the easy solved examples given in the textbook or any book which you prefer. If you can not solve the given problem by own then clear your concept again and Learn the formula. If you have solved the problem

 COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS  1. Sodium (Na) , Natrium  Extraction of sodium  : Down's Process  By Electrolysis of fused NaCl + CaCl 2 + NaF  At cathode (Iron Vessel) : Na+ +e– ⟶  Na(s)  At Anode (Graphite) : 2Cl–   →    Cl 2 + 2e–  (i) (CaCl 2 + NaF) is used to lower Melting point (8000 C) of NaCl to about 6000 C.  (ii) Aqueous sodium chloride cannot be used for preparing sodium by electrolysis. Because instead of metallic sodium, hydrogen gas will be liberated at cathode. Properties sodium , Natrium (i) sodium is a crystalline soft metal.  (ii) Highly reactive, so kept in kerosene.  (iii) Na dissolves in liquid NH3 to give blue solution.  Uses of sodium , natrium  (i) In the preparation of sodium amalgam (used as reducing agent)  (ii) In sodium vapour lamp, which emits monochromatic yellow light.  (iii) As heat transfer medium in nuclear reactors. 2. Sodium chloride NaCl Occurrence of sodium chloride (NaCl)  Sea water is the main source and also found in salt lakes. P

 ALKALI METAL  Alkali Metal are   lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr) 1.Physical state of alkali metal  One electron in outermost shell & General formula ns¹.   Francium is radioactive element.  All are silvery white.  Light soft, malleable and ductile metals with metallic lustre.   Alkali metals are paramagnetic, diamagnetic and colourless in form of ions. 2.Atomic size of alkali metal  Biggest in their respective period (except noble gas element)  Size increases from Li to Fr due to addition of an extra shell.  Li < Na < K < Rb < Cs < Fr 3. Softness of alkali metal  Alkali metals are soft because of-  (i) Large atomic size  (ii) BCC crystal structure (HCP in Li)  (iii) Loose packing (68% packing efficiency)  (iv) Weak metallic bond  Cs is the softest metal in s-block 4. Melting point and boiling point of alkali metal  Weak interatomic bonds are due to their large atomic radii and presence of only one valence elect

IUPAC NOMENCLATURE part 1 IUPAC NOMENCLATURE  part 2 IUPAC NOMENCLATURE   IUPAC NOMENCLATURE OF ALICYCLIC COMPOUNDS : ( 1 ) The names of alicylic compounds are obtained by adding the prefix "cyclo". (2) The numbering of the carbon atoms in the ring is done in such a way that the substituent which comes first in the alphabetical order is given the lowest possible number provided it does not violate the lowest set of locants rule.  Example : (3)When the ring contains more or equal number of carbon atoms than the alkyl group attached to it, then it is named as a derivative of cycloalkane and the alkyl group is treated as substituent. Example : (4)The alkane chain contains greater number of carbon atoms than present in the ring, the compound is considered as the derivative of alkane and the ring is designated as substituent.  Example : (5)If ring has unsaturation and side chain is saturated then ring is selected as parent chain.  If side chain has unsaturation and ring is saturat