Skip to main content

CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

 CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS


Classification of organic compounds based on structure or carbon skeleton 
Video link 



Organic Compound are divided into two types they are 
1. Open chain 
2. Closed chain 

1. Aliphatic or Open chain compounds :

Those compounds in which first & last carbon atoms are not connected with each other. Branched or unbranched chains are possible in these compounds. 
For example :

Aliphatic or open chain compounds are two varieties in these compounds -

Saturated Hydrocarbons : 

  • In such type, adjacent carbon are attached with single bonds. Example - CH3–CH2–CH3 
  •  General formula of these compounds are CnH2n+2 
  •  These are also called as paraffins (Parum + Affins i.e. little reactivity) because these are less reactive due to absence of 𝝅-bonds.

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons :

  • There will be a double bond or a triple bond between any two carbon atoms, CH2=CH–CH3 Propene CH≡C–CH3 Propyne 
  •  General formula is CnH2n or CnH2n–2 
  •  These are also called as olefins because they reacts with halogens to form oily substances olefins (Oleum + fines i.e. Oil forming).
  •  Due to presence of   𝝅 bonds these are more reactive.

2. Closed chain compounds :

 In closed chain compounds first & last carbon are attached with each other. Example.  △ cyclopropane.

Homocyclic compounds : 

These are the compounds in which the complete ring is formed by carbon atoms only. These are also of two types 
 Alicyclic compounds : 
These are the compounds having the properties like aliphatic compounds. These may be saturated or unsaturated like aliphatic compounds. 
 Aromatic compounds : 
Conditions for a compound to be aromatic - 
(i) Compound should be cyclic.
(ii) Compound should be planar. (All carbon in ring should be sp² hybridised ) 
(iii) It follow Huckel's Rule :- [4n + 2]  𝝅 electrons. (Odd number of 𝝅 electron pairs) 
n = 0           2𝝅 electrons or 1 pair 
n = 1          6𝝅 electrons or 3 pairs 
n = 2         10𝝅 electrons or 5 pairs 
n = 3         14𝝅 electrons or 7 pairs 
(iv) There should be cyclic resonance in ring.
Heterocyclic Compounds :
These are cyclic compounds having ring and rings builts up of more than one kind of atoms.
Normal Groups :
 (a) It is represented by 'n' : 
(b) Straight chain of carbon atoms is known as normal group.
 (c) Free bond will come either on Ist carbon atom or on last carbon atom. 
n – propyl CH3–CH2–CH2– 
n – butyl CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–
Iso group :
 (a) It is represented by following structure 
(b) When methyl groups are attached to the second last carbon atom, group is named as iso. 
Neo group :
 (a) When two methyl group are attached to second last carbon atom group is named neo group. 
(b) It is represent by following structure -
Secondary group : 
(a) When two alkyl groups attached to the same carbon atom, group is named as secondary.
(b) It is represented by following structure.
Tertiary group :
 (a) When three alkyl groups (similar or dissimilar) are attached to the same carbon atom, group is name as tertiary.
(b) It is represented by following structure -


Groups :
When a hydrogen is removed from saturated hydrocarbon then alkyl group is formed. It is represented by R & its general formula is CnH2n+1. A bond is vacant on alkyl group, on which any functional group may come.
Alkyl groups :


Aryl Radical 

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

PERIODIC TABLE

 Modern Periodic table Modern Periodic Law :  The recent work has established that the fundamental property of an atom is atomic number and not atomic weight. Therefore, atomic number is taken as the basis of the classification of the elements. The modern periodic law was given by Moseley, it may be stated as : ''The properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic number". Modern periodic table is also called long form of the periodic table or Bohr’s table. In this table, the elements are arranged in order of their increasing atomic number. It consists of 4 blocks (s, p, d and f), 18 groups numbered from 1 to 18 and 7 periods numbered from 1 to 7. Short tricks to learn periodic table  Blocks : The periodic table is divided into four main blocks (s, p, d and f) depending upon the subshell to which the valence electron enters into.  (1) Elements of group 1 and 2 constitute s-Block.   (2) Elements of group 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 constitut...
Post a Comment
Read more

Inside the atom

 Inside the atom  Inside an atom is a fascinating and intricate world that forms the basis of all matter in the universe. The basic structure of an atom consists of a nucleus at the center, surrounded by a cloud of electrons. Atom  1. Nucleus:  The nucleus is the central core of an atom, and it contains protons and neutrons. Protons are positively charged particles, while neutrons have no charge (they are neutral). Both protons and neutrons are collectively known as nucleons. The strong nuclear force, one of the fundamental forces in nature, holds the protons and neutrons together within the nucleus. 2. Electrons: Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in energy levels or electron shells. Each shell can hold a specific number of electrons, and electrons closer to the nucleus have lower energy levels than those farther away. The behavior of electrons is described by quantum mechanics, and they exhibit both wave-like and particle-like propert...
Post a Comment
Read more

The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET): An In-depth Guide to India's Premier Medical Entrance Examination

 The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET): An In-depth Guide to India's Premier Medical Entrance Examination Introduction: The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) is a highly competitive and widely recognized entrance examination in India for admission into undergraduate medical and dental programs. Introduced in 2013 by the Government of India, NEET has become the sole medical entrance examination for admissions to MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) and BDS (Bachelor of Dental Surgery) programs offered by medical and dental colleges across the country. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the details of NEET, including its eligibility criteria, exam pattern, preparation strategies, and significance in the field of medical education in India. Eligibility Criteria for neet : To appear for NEET, candidates must fulfill the eligibility criteria set by the National Testing Agency (NTA), which is the conducting body for the exam. The key eligi...
Post a Comment
Read more